Resilience and Coping with Adversities.
June 18, 2009

I received a comment on one of my previous posts on how to deal with the incompetence of a colleague. This got me thinking and following on from the previous post about significance and size the question open the door to a discussion that will lead into the rest of the posts.

In the “reply” on the comment I mentioned that there can possibly be three reasons why we see incompetence as an adversity and that is that our performance is dependant on the other person; that it threatens the expectations of the workplace, whether it be quality, safety, sales etc. and that we find it personally annoying.

I would like to start with a description of an adversity. An adversity is a deviation from the expected or from the norm, whether that is societal/personal norms or what we experience as normal.  We experience this deviation as being negative. A sudden cold front in the middle of summer is abnormal and most people will experience it as an adversity to a more or lesser extent. Adversities may be dramatic or chronic or somewhere in between. The dramatic adversities are usually things like storms, floods, fires, bankruptcy, divorce, death, accidents; the chronic adversities are things like the current economic crises that will take time to resolve, chronic illness, poverty, poor relationships etc. The two are sometimes not mutually exclusive – a period of poor financial results can lead to bankruptcy, poor relationships to divorce. The coping that we do is different however in these cases and this will be explored in a future post.

Please bear in mind that the opposite of an adversity is probably an opportunity and it takes as much resilience to sustain and “conquer” an opportunity as it does to master an adversity. The feelings accompanying the opportunity is completely different but the roller-coaster ride is the same.

So, the million-dollar-question remains; why do you see the event as an adversity and why does it tap your resilience?

Back to the previous post – is it really such a big deal or has it personal significance to me? The personal significance, is it fundamental i.e. beliefs, values, culture or is it just my hot buttons? Am I for instance car mad and although I cannot comprehend that someone can ignore the newest and best gadgets in cars, I must admit that it is my thing and if someone wants to ride an old jalopy it is his business. On the other hand this event may trigger aspects that are very dear to me, my beliefs, culture and values and it will be difficult for me to live with this adversity.

On the graph of the previous post, on the personal significance axis we now have to ask ourselves: “What is the significance to me; why is it so important; can I see it another way?”

The books (loving what is, Who would you be without your story) and website (www.thework.com) of Byron Katie has some very useful insights and worksheets in this regard. Her website is a good place to start; although it does not give the whole theory, as explained in the books, it does offer articles and worksheets that will help you “get into it” quickly. Keep an open mind, we are so inclined to attribute our experience of the adversity to the size of the adversity and not to the significance we place on it.

It is quite easy to see where differences in a relationship can start that can lead to arguments, resentment, etc. The same disaster happens to a couple i. e. the car breaks down, to one partner it is a disappointment and he or she knows it will cost something but it is a hiccup; to the other partner spending money is a problem and the breakdown is a disaster not in so far as the car is concerned, but what it will cost. While one partner is arranging alternative transport, the other is in frenzy and virtually incapacitated worrying about the money.  Now just imagine the first partner saying to the second; ”You know this breakdown may be a warning sign, we must start thinking about and saving for a new car.”  The second partner now has the added worry according to him or her of the cost of a new car on top of paying for the breakdown!

This is normal; we all have our own storeroom of significant things, what is important is to become aware of it, acknowledge it and deal with it on an ongoing bias. Simple questions such as: “Is this really such a big deal? Is my fear running away with me?” can help to restore balance. In this regard the work of Byron Katie mentioned above can help.  Partners of course must become aware of, acknowledge and respect one another’s “significances” and collaborate to find solutions that will satisfy both parties.

I once had a colleague that was a scuba diving instructor in his spare time and safety was of paramount importance to him for obvious reasons. He was a “difficult” person to work with when it came to safety, but we did have a safe lab! There can be benefits as well as drawbacks in our “sigficances” – it all depends on how we manage them.

In a future post I will explore this topic further.

I suppose your colleague’s incompetence really taps your resilience and challenges your ability to persevere and deliver high quality work. You see your colleague’s incompetence as an adversity. Why? I can think of three reasons why we would, a. our work performance is in some way dependent on the performance of our colleague i e an editor at a magazine or newspaper who has to check the articles of his/her journalists, b) the incompetence impacts negatively on the health, safety, sales quality, service etc of the group that you are part of, c)it irritates you.
Incompetence and the effects of incompetence is sometimes very difficult to expose and one wants to do it in such a way that the incompetent person is not shamed but assisted to become more competent. As I comment I realise that this is actually a huge subject and it may be better to dedicate a blog post to this rather than to scribble a quick answer, thanks again ,you have given me food for thought.
One question though: Why do you see your colleague’s incompetence as an adversity?

Resilience, adversity and change.
May 24, 2009

In the previous posts we looked at the different aspects of resilience and that resilience come into play when we meet adversities. There is a very intense and dynamic interaction between the self and the events that take place in our environment. We perceive or interpret an event in a certain way according to our belief system. We usually call an event a disaster when this event is out of the ordinary and we perceive it as being negative. The very fact that we call an event (the event is neutral’ it just happened) an adversity or a disaster or worse is already an indication of this interaction.
Ironically so called “good” or positive events can trigger the same reactions; everything that happens to us has an emotional reaction. As there are a stream of thoughts through our mind, so is there is a stream of feelings and these feelings trigger thoughts and the thoughts again trigger feelings.
Imagine the following: you are unattached and you meet someone and you think there is a chance of a relationship and thoughts of love, relationships, sex, maybe marriage all crowd your mind and your thoughts and feelings ride roller-coaster inside. At the same time a friend of yours has borrowed money from you and keep on avoiding paying it back. You have to confront him or her and you realize that it may be the end of the friendship. Thoughts and feelings about friendship, relationships, money, honesty tumble through your mind. The first situation you will probably call an opportunity, luck, wonderful so exciting. The second a disaster, so horrible, so depressing! Form the point of your inner turmoil however they are both the same and both can be very exhausting!
What we define as an adversity and how we react to it is very individual and is a function of our own unique make-up. In a future post I will discus some of these aspects. There are so many factors that influence our reactions that it is virtually impossible to discuss everything, but as we discuss some of these issues it will probably trigger thoughts and feelings that will help you to understand yourself better. When you face adversities you should.
Be aware of your own thoughts and feelings,
Acknowledge your thoughts and feelings – make a note of them,
Reflect on them,
Try to understand them,
Choose to have those thoughts and feelings or
Change the thoughts and feelings to more resilient thoughts and feelings.
Research and theory have established that there are very typical stages or phases that we go through when we are faced by an adversity.
The first of these theories we will discuss is Dr Kubler-Ross’ G rief Cycle. Dr Kubler-Ross worked with terminally ill patients and in her book: “On Death and Dying” she describes the following stages that a terminally ill patient goes through:
Denial,
Anger,
Bargaining,
Depression,
Acceptance.
Although there is no denying that these stages exist and if you think about it you will probably have experienced these stages yourself when faced with a tragic event like the death of a loved one. However the theory was developed for terminally ill patients and the cycle concludes with the acceptance of the inevitable end.
The question now arises; how do we react if we have to go on?

Oliver Recklies (2001) developed a model for organisational change that with some adaptation can also apply to individuals. Although it also has Acceptance as one of its sages it does not end there, but describes what happens when the person goes on with his/her life. Moreover it bridges the gap between what an individual feels inside and what happens on the outside where the adversity took place. The model is graphically illustrated below and each stage will be described in a future post.

In the previous posts we looked at the different aspects of resilience and that resilience come into play when we meet adversities. There is a very intense and dynamic interaction between the self and the events that take place in our environment. We perceive or interpret an event in a certain way according to our belief system. We usually call an event a disaster when this event is out of the ordinary and we perceive it as being negative. The very fact that we call an event (the event is neutral’ it just happened) an adversity or a disaster or worse is already an indication of this interaction.
Ironically so called “good” or positive events can trigger the same reactions; everything that happens to us has an emotional reaction. As there are a stream of thoughts through our mind, so is there is a stream of feelings and these feelings trigger thoughts and the thoughts again trigger feelings.
Imagine the following: you are unattached and you meet someone and you think there is a chance of a relationship and thoughts of love, relationships, sex, maybe marriage all crowd your mind and your thoughts and feelings ride roller-coaster inside. At the same time a friend of yours has borrowed money from you and keep on avoiding paying it back. You have to confront him or her and you realize that it may be the end of the friendship. Thoughts and feelings about friendship, relationships, money, honesty tumble through your mind. The first situation you will probably call an opportunity, luck, wonderful so exciting. The second a disaster, so horrible, so depressing! Form the point of your inner turmoil however they are both the same and both can be very exhausting!
What we define as an adversity and how we react to it is very individual and is a function of our own unique make-up. In a future post I will discus some of these aspects. There are so many factors that influence our reactions that it is virtually impossible to discuss everything, but as we discuss some of these issues it will probably trigger thoughts and feelings that will help you to understand yourself better. When you face adversities you should.
Be aware of your own thoughts and feelings,
Acknowledge your thoughts and feelings – make a note of them,
Reflect on them,
Try to understand them,
Choose to have those thoughts and feelings or
Change the thoughts and feelings to more resilient thoughts and feelings.
Research and theory have established that there are very typical stages or phases that we go through when we are faced by an adversity.
The first of these theories we will discuss is Dr Kubler-Ross’ G rief Cycle. Dr Kubler-Ross worked with terminally ill patients and in her book: “On Death and Dying” she describes the following stages that a terminally ill patient goes through:
Denial,
Anger,
Bargaining,
Depression,
Acceptance.
Although there is no denying that these stages exist and if you think about it you will probably have experienced these stages yourself when faced with a tragic event like the death of a loved one. However the theory was developed for terminally ill patients and the cycle concludes with the acceptance of the inevitable end.
The question now arises; how do we react if we have to go on?

Oliver Recklies (2001) developed a model for organisational change that with some adaptation can also apply to individuals. Although it also has Acceptance as one of its sages it does not end there, but describes what happens when the person goes on with his/her life. Moreover it bridges the gap between what an individual feels inside and what happens on the outside where the adversity took place. The model is graphically illustrated below and each stage will be described in a future post.

Why Emotional Resilience?
April 17, 2009

If you search the web or wikipedia for “resilience” you get all sorts of definitions and articles. The term emotional resilience is commonly used to distinguish the resilience that people have from the resilience that materials have i.e. breaking strength or that companies have to survive economic and other crises. Although it is understandable that a distinction has to be made between human resilience and other forms, to call human resilience emotional resilience is a bit of a misnomer. Emotions are not the only factor that plays a part in our resilience. For people to be resilient they need to be physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually strong.

Physical:- How physically healthy, fit and strong you need to be to be resilient depends to an extent on the adversity. If the adversity is physical in nature then of course being physically strong will be an advantage, think of a group of people that are trapped and one of the survivors are very unfit. Obviously he will suffer more and be less resilient. Being physically healthy and fit, although not a pre-requisite for resilience, is definitely to your advantage.

Mentally:- You don’t have to be a genius to be resilient, rather you must have the ability to think clearly under stress and if you have a number of thinking tools to analyse the situation and to decide on the best course of action it will be to your advantage.

Emotionally:- Your ability to manage yourself emotionally so that you don’t panic or that unwarranted fears do not adversely influence your functioning will help you overcome adversities. Your ability to understand and manage other people if required, will help them and you to cope better with the situation.

Spiritually:- Belief in an organized religion or in a particular religion is not at stake here. Rather it is the fruits of a spiritual life that we talk about such as faith, love, respect, hope, gratitude, unselfishness, that help us through an adversity. After the tsunami at P’iket the tourists all praised the inhabitants for their unselfishness to help tourists although their own lives were destroyed. When asked why they were helping strangers, they would answer: ” My house is destroyed, but my family is safe.” One is humbled by such resilience.

These factors work in unison and although the type of adversity we face may call upon more of a certain aspect than on another all four are important and we should try and live a balanced live and be ready and able to respond appropriately to the adversity.

What is Resilience?
April 17, 2009

When I hear the word resilience I think of a rope or some material that is tough, can withstand pressure, can be twisted and retain its shape and function. Something like a ball or a rope comes to mind. A ball can be kicked, thrown, hit, sat on, rolled, but it still remains a ball. It can also be used for many things – besides sports, think of the many commercial and industrial uses – ball bearings, wheels, ball cocks, “chairs”(Pilates balls) and much more. No matter how you use it or abuse it or what its function or purpose, it remains a ball.

The same is true of other materials and objects, take a rope for instance, it can be turned, twisted, knotted, stretched, it can be used to carry, haul, catch, tie, keep, – the uses are endless – if you think of a fishing- net do you think of the individual ropes that it is made of or the function, the fish that you want to catch? And a hammock do you think of the ropes or the lazy afternoon sleeping under the trees or on the beach?

Is the same true of people and emotional resilience? I think so – the qualities of a resilient person are much the same as that of the examples we have used above.

Resilience is how well you deal with the curve balls that life throws at you. Curveballs however, as you know, are very specific to the player; some players can deal with certain curveballs very well while other players can be caught flat-footed with the same curveball. Curve balls are difficult balls for any player to hit but some players have learned certain tricks and techniques how to spot these curveballs and how to play the curve balls. You know what I mean, sometimes you get pitched a curveball and you spot it early and you get excited because of the challenge and you hit it and you look at the pitcher’s face and you see the dumbfounded expression on his face because from his favourite curveball you scored a home run! Other curveball leave you floundering and flat-footed, you didn’t spot it, you don’t know what to do with it and you either strike out or you hit it straight up in the air for an easy catch.

Sometimes the playing field is not quite level and what may be a normal ball for most people suddenly become a curveball for you. I have a friend who is directionally challenged and she can lose herself in the smallest of shopping malls! When she has to turn left she turns right, when she has to go straight she turns around and go the other way. What for most people will be an easy shopping center to negotiate and find your way in, to her is just a merry-go-round of same looking shops. To her, finding her car in the parking lot is a major achievement. The playing field is not level for her. What most people experience as fun and a great experience, to her can quickly turn into a very difficult situation.

So the question is not only what curve balls life throws at us, the question is how effectively do we deal with these curve balls. Emotional resilience is the ability to deal effectively emotionally, mentally, physically and spiritually with the hardships, adversities and difficulties that life presents to us. Although the adversity is one side of the coin, the other side of the coin is our ability to deal with it, our experience in dealing with similar situations, how level the playing field is for us in this particular situation and the resources that we have at our disposal, resources that we may not even have been aware of or have not used very regularly.

In future articles we will explore each one of these aspects in greater detail to understand emotional resilience better and also how to deal with adversities more effectively.